09 October 2025

Excavation breaches increase by 50% on construction sites

The Building Safety Group (BSG) has reported a 50% increase in excavation breaches on construction sites. The report was based on 7,000 site inspections carried out during the first half of 2025, which compared Q1 with Q2.

BSG’s latest statistical analysis is a cause for concern as excavation work remains one of the most hazardous construction operations in the United Kingdom, with Health and Safety Executive (HSE) statistics indicating that collapses and related incidents account for numerous fatalities and serious injuries annually. Recent data shows that approximately 15% of construction-related deaths involve excavation accidents, highlighting the critical
importance of proper safety management in this high-risk activity.

Legal Framework and Compliance

Construction companies must adhere to stringent regulations, primarily the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. These legislative frameworks mandate comprehensive risk assessments, proper planning, and implementation of safety measures for all excavation works.

Non-compliance can result in severe penalties, including substantial fines and potential imprisonment for serious breaches.

Common Hazards and their Mitigation

Ground collapse presents the most significant risk in excavation works. Soil conditions, particularly after rainfall or in areas with poor cohesion, can deteriorate rapidly. Recent cases have demonstrated that even seemingly stable excavations can fail catastrophically without warning. Underground services pose additional challenges, with struck utilities potentially leading to explosions, electrocution, or flooding.

To address these risks, construction companies must implement robust safety measures:

Comprehensive site investigations, including detailed ground surveys and utility mapping
Appropriate support systems such as shoring or battering
Regular monitoring of ground conditions and support structures
Clear demarcation of excavation zones with proper barriers and signage

Essential Safety Measures

Professional site investigation must precede any excavation work. This includes:

Detailed ground surveys and soil analysis
Underground utility mapping
Implementation of appropriate support systems
Installation of clear access and egress points
Provision of adequate ventilation in deep excavations

Best Practices for Risk Management

Effective risk management requires:

Daily inspections by competent persons
Regular monitoring of support systems
Clear communication protocols
Comprehensive worker training
Emergency response procedures

Emergency Preparedness

Sites must maintain:

Rescue equipment readily available
Trained first aiders on site
Clear emergency procedures
Direct communication links with emergency services

Conclusion

The dangers associated with excavation work demand unwavering attention to safety protocols. While implementing comprehensive safety measures may require significant investment, the cost pales in comparison to the potential human and financial consequences of accidents.

Construction companies must prioritise worker safety through proper planning, regular training, and strict adherence to safety protocols.

Companies should:

Regularly review and update safety procedures
Invest in proper equipment and training
Maintain open communication channels with workers
Foster a culture of safety awareness

BSG Recommendations

By following these guidelines and maintaining high safety standards, construction companies can significantly reduce the risks associated with excavation work while ensuring regulatory compliance and worker protection.

The investment in proper safety measures is not merely a legal requirement but a fundamental business imperative that protects both human life and company interests.